Understanding the Different Types of Acne: Causes, Treatments & Skincare Solutions

Acne is one of the most common skin concerns, affecting people of all ages and skin types. While it’s often associated with teenage years, acne can persist into adulthood and present itself in various forms. Understanding the different types of acne is key to choosing the right treatments and skincare routine. Below, we break down the most common types of acne, their causes, and how to effectively treat them.

1. Hormonal Acne

Hormonal acne is triggered by fluctuations in hormones, particularly androgens, which increase oil production and lead to clogged pores. It commonly appears on the lower face, jawline, and chin and is often seen in adults, especially women during their menstrual cycle, pregnancy, or due to conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Treatment & Skincare Solutions:

• Prescription treatments like oral contraceptives can help regulate hormone levels.

• Topical treatments with salicylic acid and retinol can help clear clogged pores and reduce breakouts.

• A gentle, non-comedogenic skincare routine with hydrating ingredients can help maintain skin balance.

2. Cystic Acne

Cystic acne is a more severe form of acne that results in deep, painful cysts beneath the skin. This type of acne is often caused by hormonal imbalances, genetics, and excessive oil production, leading to inflammation and infection deep within the pores. Cystic acne can be stubborn and may leave scars if not treated properly.

Treatment & Skincare Solutions:

• Prescription medications may be necessary for severe cases.

• In-office treatments like cortisone injections can help reduce inflammation quickly.

• Anti-inflammatory ingredients like niacinamide and gentle exfoliants can help manage breakouts.

• Avoid picking or squeezing cysts, as this can lead to scarring.

3. Congestion & Comedonal Acne

Comedonal acne is caused by the buildup of dead skin cells, oil, and debris within the pores, leading to blackheads and whiteheads. It is usually found on the forehead, cheeks, and chin and is often associated with poor skincare habits, heavy makeup, or a lack of exfoliation.

Treatment & Skincare Solutions:

• Regular exfoliation with AHAs (like glycolic acid) or BHAs (like salicylic acid) can help clear clogged pores.

• Oil-free, non-comedogenic skincare and makeup products are essential.

• Professional treatments such as HydraFacials or microneedling can clear and refine pores.

4. Acne Scarring

Once active acne clears, some individuals may be left with scarring, which can appear as pitted (atrophic) scars or raised (hypertrophic) scars. Scarring is more common with severe acne types like cystic acne and occurs when inflammation damages the deeper layers of the skin.

Treatment & Skincare Solutions:

• Microneedling, laser treatments, and chemical peels can help improve skin texture.

• Skincare with vitamin C and peptides can support skin repair and collagen production.

• SPF is crucial to prevent hyperpigmentation from worsening.

5. Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH)

PIH refers to the dark spots or discolouration left behind after an acne breakout. This occurs when excess melanin is produced as the skin heals from inflammation. It is more common in deeper skin tones and can take weeks to months to fade.

Treatment & Skincare Solutions:

• Brightening ingredients like vitamin C, niacinamide, and alpha arbutin can help fade dark spots.

• Chemical peels, skin needling and laser treatments can speed up the skin renewal process.

• Always wear SPF to prevent hyperpigmentation from becoming more pronounced.

Acne can be frustrating, but understanding its different forms is the first step toward finding the right treatment and skincare routine. Whether you're dealing with hormonal breakouts, persistent cystic acne, or lingering post-inflammatory marks, effective solutions are available to restore your skin’s health. For mild to moderate acne, targeted skincare can make a significant difference. However, if you’re experiencing severe, painful breakouts that don’t respond to over-the-counter treatments, consulting with a dermatologist is crucial to prevent long-term scarring and damage. Our experts at The Clinic are here to help—book a consultation today and take the first step toward clear, healthy skin.

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